Damage Steering in Architecture and Structures: The Efficiency of Vertical Links in Enhancing Building Resilience and Repairability

Abstract

Conventional earthquake-resistant systems often undergo permanent deformations during severe seismic events, leading to the formation of plastic hinges throughout most parts of the structure. This condition makes the reuse of the building impossible, and consequently, total demolition and reconstruction become inevitable—an approach that is neither economically, environmentally, nor architecturally sustainable. In recent years, inspired by the concept of “damage steering,” researchers have sought to concentrate damage in predetermined locations so that, through repair or replacement, the building remains reusable. One of the most innovative systems in this regard is the rocking frame concept. The present study investigates the efficiency of this system in steel-braced frames equipped with vertical links, focusing on how rocking mechanisms can reduce structural responses after earthquakes. The results indicate that employing eccentric bracing with vertical links significantly enhances ductility and energy dissipation, although the rocking mechanism imposes some limitations on these improvements. These findings are significant not only from a structural engineering perspective but also for architecture: preserving spatial and functional qualities after seismic events, enabling continued occupancy, and reducing the need for complete demolition. Accordingly, such systems can play a crucial role in achieving sustainable and resilient architecture.