Investigating Green Coverage Design Strategies for Enhancing the Environmental Performance of Biophilic Architecture with an Environmental Management Approach

Abstract

The present study aims to investigate and explain the role of green coverage in enhancing the environmental performance of biophilic architecture through an environmental management approach. The necessity of this research arises from challenges associated with rapid urbanization, increasing energy consumption, and water resource crises across Iran’s diverse climates. In this context, the study seeks to identify effective indicators and propose a localized model that clarifies the pathway for integrating natural elements, green technologies, and biophilic design principles. The research adopts a descriptive–analytical approach, combining theoretical studies with the analysis of five domestic and international case studies. The performance indicators of green coverage were examined within four main dimensions: energy and thermal performance, air quality, water management, and human-centered factors. These indicators were then weighted and organized into a conceptual model. The findings indicate that energy reduction and rainwater management have the greatest contribution to improving environmental performance. Moreover, the simultaneous integration of green roofs and green walls can significantly moderate temperature, improve air quality, and enhance thermal comfort. In the final model, the indicators were weighted as follows: 35% for energy, 30% for water, 25% for air quality, and 10% for human-centered factors. This structure creates a dynamic balance between environmental functionality and user well-being, demonstrating that successful green coverage design is achieved when it goes beyond a decorative role and becomes a structural and managerial component of sustainable architecture.